Early signs of ovarian cancer: how to recognise the symptoms

Ovarian cancer is often described as silent, because the early signs of ovarian cancer can be subtle and easy to overlook. In reality, most women do notice changes; they simply put them down to something else. Recognising the early signs of ovarian cancer can make a real difference to diagnosis and treatment, and at Gynae Solution we want every woman to feel confident about what to look for.

What is ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer begins in the ovaries, the organs that produce eggs and hormones. It is more common in women over 50, but it can affect women of any age. Because its early symptoms often mimic less serious conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome or ovarian cysts, it can be missed.

The early signs of ovarian cancer to watch for

Ovarian cancer does not always cause noticeable symptoms at first. However, these warning signs are common:

• Persistent bloating: bloating that is frequent or constant and does not go away, rather than bloating that comes and goes.
• Pelvic or tummy pain: ongoing pain or discomfort in the lower tummy should never be ignored (see pelvic pain).
• Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly: a change in appetite, particularly feeling full after only a little food.
• Needing to pass urine more often: a sudden increase that is not caused by an infection.
• Changes in your periods: irregular periods or any bleeding after the menopause.

Other possible signs include tiredness, back pain, a change in bowel habit and unexplained weight loss.

Why persistence matters

Almost everyone feels bloated or has a tummy ache from time to time. The early signs of ovarian cancer are different because they are persistent, frequent and new for you. A symptom that happens on most days, keeps coming back or gradually gets worse deserves attention, especially if you are over 50.

Keeping a simple symptom diary for a couple of weeks can help. Note what you feel, when it happens and how often. That information makes it much easier for your doctor to decide which tests you need. Our post on ovarian cancer symptoms women often miss explores this in more depth.

When to see a doctor

If these symptoms persist for more than two weeks, see your GP or a gynaecologist. Do not wait for them to become severe, and do not worry about wasting anyone's time. Early diagnosis significantly improves the success of treatment.

Your doctor is likely to examine you and arrange a blood test called CA125 and an ultrasound scan (see gynaecological ultrasounds). If anything is unclear, you can be referred to a gynaecological cancer specialist for further tests.

Most women who have these tests do not have ovarian cancer. Often the scan shows a harmless cause, such as a cyst or fibroid, or nothing abnormal at all, and you can be reassured. If something does need treatment, finding it early gives you more options and a better outcome. Either way, you will leave with answers rather than worry.

Cancer Research UK has a clear guide to the symptoms of ovarian cancer, and NICE explains how persistent symptoms should be investigated. You can read more on our ovarian cancer page.

Listen to your body

At Gynae Solution, we provide expert care and advanced diagnostics, so you can have peace of mind. If you are experiencing any of the early signs of ovarian cancer, or have concerns about your gynaecological health, please do not wait. Your health is our priority: listen to your body and book a consultation.