What is ovarian cancer

What is ovarian cancer?

Ovarian cancer occurs when the cells of the ovaries grow abnormally.  The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. This type of cancer may or may not cause obvious symptoms before it has reached an advanced stage.

It is vital that women with symptoms seek evaluation because cancer that is detected and treated early is associated with the best outcomes.

Causes of ovarian cancer

The exact cause of this type of cancer is unknown. Cancer occurs when cells grow abnormally and out of control, instead of dividing in an orderly manner.  Ovarian cancer can develop in the germ cells, stromal cells, or epithelial cells of the ovary.  Most ovarian cancers originate in the epithelial cells.

This type of cancer can spread to other parts of the reproductive system, which may need to be removed with the ovaries during treatment. If both ovaries or the uterus is removed, a woman will not be able to become pregnant.  Advanced ovarian cancer can spread to distant sites, including the lungs, liver, bones, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and lymph nodes.

Symptoms of ovarian cancer

Early symptoms of this type of cancer may be vague and similar to the symptoms of other less serious conditions.  It is important to have general symptoms evaluated by a doctor. Early detection improves the likelihood of successful treatment.  In some cases, symptoms may not occur until the cancer is at an advanced stage. Here are some symptoms:

• May cause your abdomen to swell from fluid build-up.
• Your lower abdomen may feel heavy or uncomfortable.
• You may feel pelvic pressure and leg or back pain.
• Unusual vaginal bleeding may occur between your periods or after you have completed menopause.
• Your menstrual cycle pattern may change.
• Ovarian cancer can contribute to gastrointestinal problems, including indigestion, bloating, prolonged stomach pain, constipation, and gas.
• You may lose your appetite or have difficulty ingesting food.
• You may lose or gain weight.
• You may need to urinate more frequently or more urgently.
• Some women may experience excessive hair growth.

Diagnosis of ovarian cancer

You should contact your doctor if you experience any symptoms listed above. The symptoms are quite similar to other reproductive disorders, and it is important to receive an accurate assessment of your problem.

Treatment for ovarian cancer

Treatment for this type of cancer depends on many factors, including the stage of the cancer, the cancer cell type, your general health, and desire to have children in the future. Treatment for ovarian cancer usually includes surgery that is followed by chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is rarely used.