An endometrial tumor refers to a growth that occurs in the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with the latter being more commonly referred to as endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent type of uterine cancer and primarily affects postmenopausal women, though it can also occur in younger women.

Types of Endometrial Tumors

Benign Tumors:

  • Endometrial Polyps: Small growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus, often benign but can sometimes become precancerous.
  • Leiomyomas (Fibroids): Non-cancerous tumors of the uterus’ muscular wall, not directly affecting the endometrium but can impact its functioning.

Malignant Tumors:

  • Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: The most common form of endometrial cancer, originating in the glandular cells of the endometrium.
  • Uterine Sarcoma: A rarer type of cancer that develops in the muscles of the uterus or other supporting tissues.

Risk Factors

Several risk factors are associated with endometrial cancer:

  • Hormonal Imbalance: High levels of estrogen unopposed by progesterone can stimulate the endometrium excessively, increasing cancer risk.
  • Obesity: Excess fat tissue can produce additional estrogen.
  • Age: The risk increases with age, particularly after menopause.
  • Family History: A family history of endometrial or colorectal cancer can increase risk.
  • Reproductive History: Factors such as late menopause, early menarche, or not having children may elevate risk.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of endometrial cancer include:

  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, particularly postmenopausal bleeding.
  • Pelvic pain or discomfort.
  • Pain during intercourse.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam, imaging tests (such as ultrasound), and an endometrial biopsy to examine tissue samples. If cancer is confirmed, treatment options depend on the cancer’s stage and may include:

  • Surgery: Often involves a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) and sometimes removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
  • Radiation Therapy: Used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors.
  • Chemotherapy: Utilised in advanced stages or if cancer has spread.
  • Hormone Therapy: May be employed if the cancer is hormone-receptor positive.

Prognosis

The prognosis for endometrial cancer is generally favourable, particularly if detected early. Early-stage endometrial cancer has a high survival rate, with many women achieving complete remission after appropriate treatment. Regular screenings and prompt attention to symptoms can significantly improve outcomes.

If you are concerned about endometrial cancer please contact us here to book your consultation.