Understanding Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer develops in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vagina. It is primarily caused by persistent infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. Most people infected with HPV do not develop cervical cancer, as their immune system clears the virus. However, in some cases, the virus persists, leading to changes in cervical cells that may become cancerous over time.

Cervical cancer progresses slowly, allowing for early detection through screening tests like the Pap smear and HPV test. These tests can detect abnormal cells before they turn into cancer, making cervical cancer one of the most preventable cancers. For this reason, regular screening is critical, especially for women aged 21 to 65.

Symptoms of cervical cancer may not appear in its early stages. When symptoms do occur, they may include abnormal vaginal bleeding (such as after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause), pelvic pain, or unusual vaginal discharge. If left untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body, such as the bladder, intestines, liver, and lungs.

Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination. Early diagnosis is essential, as survival rates are high when detected in the early stages,

Vaccination against HPV can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine is recommended for preteens, though it can be given up to age 45. This preventive measure, combined with regular screenings, has led to a decrease in cervical cancer cases in many parts of the world.

In conclusion, this type of cancer is largely preventable through vaccination and screening. Awareness and regular check-ups are essential for early detection and effective treatment, significantly reducing the risk of this disease.